Preparing Stewards of the Discipline

the first doctorate in the United States was awarded in 1861; by 1900 a total of about 3,500 doctorates had been granted, and by 1960 the annual production exceeded 10,000 per year. Now, at the start of the twenty-first century, more than 40,000 doctoral degrees are awarded annually. The number of universities granting doctorates has grown from 14 in 1920 to over 400 today. Whereas Americans once went to Europe for the doctoral degree, now people come from around the globe to pursue the doctorate in the United States. By many measures, this is a tremendous success story. By other measures, the story is not so clearly one of unqualified success. Indeed, throughout this century of maturation, the purpose of the Golde.c01 12/1/05 12:32 PM Page 3